Protection of minority shareholders is crucial to developing a strong capital market. Yet, formal legal enforcement is one, but not the only effective mechanism to offer this protection. When a country's formal legal enforcement is weak, to attract investment, entrepreneurs have incentives to...

While clean vehicles (i.e., vehicles powered by alternative fuels other than fossil fuels) offer great potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from gasoline-based vehicles, the associated impact on water resources has not yet been fully assessed. This research provides a systematic...

Fossil fuel-related CO2 emissions are regarded as the primary sources of global climate change. Unlike direct CO2 emissions for each sector, CO2 emissions associated with complex linkages among sectors are usually ignored. We integrated the input–output analysis with the hypothetical...

This paper reported multiple induction of spiral waves with a stochastic signal in a square lattice network model composed of type I Morris–Lecar (ML) neurons, where each neuron is coupled to its four nearest neighbors. The induction occurs in two or three distinct regions of noise intensity,...