This Chapter traces the development of procedural transparency in international investment arbitration to tease apart different types of transparency, whilst also considering their objectives and consequences. The analysis indicates that the meaning, promise and limits of transparency will...

The creation of marine protected areas (“MPAs”) has for decades been an important mechanism for the conservation of offshore habitats and biodiversity. In recent years, huge swathes of ocean have been designated for protection as states announced successively larger MPAs. Where maritime...

References to “backlash” are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in international law scholarship. Few have, however, sought to define or unpack the complexities of backlash. In this chapter, we seek to develop a notion of “backlash”, identify what underlies it, and illuminate its potential...

This manuscript in a novel fashion looks at transparency by considering an aspect of arbitration where the opposite condition remains quite accepted; namely, the opacity of the deliberations of the arbitral tribunal. The manuscript considers how the institutional structure of arbitration shapes...

In examining the challenge of reconstructing Iraq and the relation of that challenge to Iraq's debt, one must bear in mind the quite limited meaning presently given to the term “reconstruction.” Many countries in the world are in dire straits with governments facing large external debt,...

International claims and compensation bodies are a recurring and politically significant form of international adjudication. Sitting at the space between a terrible upheaval that shreds lives and relations and an unknown future, they recur because these spaces are regrettably common. They are...