Three phases may be distinguished in the reflection concerning space and territory. 1- From the beginning of the nineteenth century to the interwar period, this field was explored by three disciplines, spatial economic theory, international trade theory and economic geography (first style)....

The idea of sustainable development, which was officialised by the Brundtland Report in 1987, was born from the will to reconcile the defence of ecological equilibria with the necessity to offer better conditions of life to the developing countries. It was supported from the start by the most...

Urban geographers had for a long time mainly approached culture through its material aspects. The situation changed with the cultural turn of the discipline. As a result a re-evaluation of the former results was made. The basic concepts of community and society are taking a new significance at...

Political geography and geopolitics were built on the same basic postulate as political sciences and the theory of international relations: the nation-state was the relevant scale for all types of analysis. This postulate was a reasonable one at the time of the Treaties of Westphalia. This type...