State protectionism in international trade relations has gained momentum and impacted global trade flows. The negative repercussion is inevitable as it contributes to the global economic downturn and slow global economic growth. The global economic rebound is expected to have occurred, still, it...

This article addresses how systemic stimuli and domestic constraints, specifically on the perception of foreign policy executives, influence Indonesia’s leadership decline in ASEAN under Joko Widodo’s first presidential term. Through the lens of neoclassical realism, it is concluded that...