We provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the economic impact of pandemics and identify the transmission channels at play. The primary channel comes from the supply side, as pandemics reduce both the quantity and the quality of labour. They can also lead to a destruc-tion of...

Greece has been a net recipient of significant Community funds over the past 30 years, initially under the Integrated Mediterranean Programmes and subsequently under five programming periods, contributing funding to three national Community Support Frameworks (from 1989 to 2006), the National...

The goal of the current study is to investigate changes in the way firms are financed and financial resources are allocated based on the characteristics of firms before and after the crisis. Using data on short-term and long-term loans of around 29,000 Greek firms in 7 sectors for the period...

This paper assesses how globalisation has shaped the economic environment in which the ECB operates and discusses whether this warrants adjustments to the monetary policy strategy. The paper first looks at how trade and financial integration have evolved since the last strategy review in 2003....

Global trade has been exceptionally weak over the past four years. While global trade grew at approximately twice the rate of GDP prior to the Great Recession, the ratio of global trade to GDP growth has declined to about unity since 2012. This paper assesses to what extent the change in the...

Global trade has been exceptionally weak over the past four years. While global trade grew at approximately twice the rate of GDP prior to the Great Recession, the ratio of global trade to GDP growth has declined to about unity since 2012. This paper assesses to what extent the change in the...