A detailed analysis of energy needs in a village is presented. Energy needs are analyzed in terms of first- and second-law efficiencies, for each conversion device and a total of 22 end uses. The first-law efficiency of the village energy system is 17%, while the second-law efficiency is only...

The effects of attic insulation on attic heat balances are discussed in the context of a winter-time retrofit experiment. In particular, we find that insulation bypass mechanisms play an important role in the heat balance and can be the dominant component of heat loss from a house through its...