On most modern energy markets, electricity is traded in advance and a power producer has to commit to deliver a certain amount of electricity some time before the actual delivery. This is especially difficult for power producers with renewable energy sources that are stochastic (like wind and...

Most modern energy markets trade electricity in advance for technical reasons. Thus, market participants must commit to delivering or consuming a certain amount of energy before the actual delivery. In Germany, two markets with daily auctions coexist. In the day-ahead auction market, the energy...

In most modern energy markets, electricity is traded in pay-as-clear auctions. Usually, multiple sequential markets with daily auctions, in which each hourly product is traded separately, coexist. In each market and for each traded hour, each power producer and consumer submits multiple price...