This note, prepared as background for the G20 submission, explores the potential for Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to increase the volume of climate financing by leveraging and intermediating resources, through two main avenues: leveraging shareholder capital through the MDBs...

This note, prepared as background for the G20 submission, explores the potential for Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to increase the volume of climate financing by leveraging and intermediating resources, through two main avenues: leveraging shareholder capital through the MDBs...

About half of all vacancies are filled through networks of personal contact. We consider the implications of such labour market networks for inequality. Our central result is that referral networks display threshold behaviour. Above a critical density of referals, qualified workers at all levels...

This paper re-examines the Telser services externality for the case where services required of retailers by manufacturers involve provision of image. It is argued that refusal to supply retailers who attempt to free-ride may be the only vertical restraint which can ensure provision of the...