Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been increasingly embraced by corporations to demonstrate effort to reduce negative environmental and social externalities resulting from their business activities. CSR covers a wide range of issues, including environmental concerns, occupational health...

The shipping industry has become highly specialised and given its inherent services characteristics it is inseparable from ports. Ports are heavy, long term investments and in terms of economics, often affected by the derived demand factor in shipping. The industry is highly competitive thus...