In 2011, the Civil Rights Division within the US Department of Justice published a report that summarised an investigation of the Puerto Rico Police Department (PRPD). The report states that the PRPD is broken in a number of critical and fundamental respects. Moreover, Puerto Rico has...

Crime reflects the character of society and annual crime rates published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the uniform crime report (UCR) in the USA are a basic indicator of safety in a community. Additionally, the police-residential population ratio is the traditional measure of the...

To date, police organisations have not been rigorously analysed by organisational scholars and most analysis of these organisations has been captured through a single construct. The purpose of this study is to develop confirmatory police organisational analysis by validating a multidimensional...

To date, police organizations have not been rigorously analyzed by organizational scholars and most analysis of these organizations has been captured through a single construct. The purpose of this study is to develop confirmatory police organizational analysis by validating a multi-dimensional...