National Development Financial Institutions (NDFIs) are crucial for mobilizingthe required financing, including from private sources, to reach countries' climate and environmental (C&E) objectives. Funding needed to achievecountries' C&E goals is in the trillions of dollars, with many countries...

Generating quality jobs is a major concern of policy makers around the world who want to ensure sustainable growth and social cohesion. This concern has led to greater interest in supporting the social and solidarity economy (SSE). The SSE focuses on supporting productive structures managed by...

This paper offers guidance to policy makers and resolution authorities regarding the application of Key Attributes (KA) to State Owned Banks. It deals with banks that have passed the point of non-viability (PONV) but also discusses early-stage requirements and procedures prescribed by the KAs...

National Development Financial Institutions (NDFIs) are crucial for mobilizing the required financing, including from private sources, to reach countries' climate and environmental (C and E) objectives. Funding needed to achieve countries' C and E goals is in the trillions of dollars, with many...

European countries do less research than Japan and the United States. We use a quantitative multi-country growth model to ask: (i) Why is this so? (ii) Would there be any benefit to expanding research in Europe? (iii) What would various European research promotion policies do? We find that (i)...

This paper offers guidance to policy makers and resolution authorities regarding the application of Key Attributes (KA) to State Owned Banks. It deals with banks that have passed the point of non-viability (PONV) but also discusses early-stage requirements and procedures prescribed by the KAs...

Generating quality jobs is a major concern of policy makers around the world who want to ensure sustainable growth and social cohesion. This concern has led to greater interest in supporting the social and solidarity economy (SSE). The SSE focuses on supporting productive structures managed by...

The development of micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (SME) in Russia is a priority of the Russian government, which emphasizes the need of improving SME access to finance, along with other critical factors for SME growth. The objective of this policy note is to inform the Russian...

The development of micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (SME) in Russia is a priority of the Russian government, which emphasizes the need of improving SME access to finance, along with other critical factors for SME growth. The objective of this policy note is to inform the Russian...

Despite their importance, data on the structure of bank credit by maturity are scarce. For Latin America and the Caribbean, data are particularly difficult to obtain, as few banks report loan maturity data in commercial data sets such as Bankscope. With support from the Association of...