It is relatively well accepted that costs associated with transfers weigh upon water markets and deter some exchanges. But few studies explicitly address such costs and their impacts on trading behavior. In this article we fill this gap, using a tool from the international trade literature...

Nearly one-quarter of the $787 billion in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 is devoted to spending and tax credits for infrastructure investments. The sums available (about six months of public infrastructure spending) and the requirements to spend on “shovel ready” projects...