Today, industry accounts for about 25% of EU final energy demand and about 20% of GHG emissions, which is mainly due to key energy-intensive industries, products, and processes, such as steel, cement and ethylene production. The decarbonisation of these industries is therefore critical for the...

In more recent years, the European Commission has placed much focus on the supply chain risks of clean energy technologies (CET). The subject's first direct assessment came as a result of the Joint Research Centre's (JRC) Critical Raw Materials studies, from 2016 onwards, which has received its...

Steel is of extraordinary importance for the European economy as well as society, but is responsible for enormous energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, steel flows are an obvious subject for the European climate protection. The quantification of steel stocks and flows is...

Steel is of extraordinary importance for the European economy as well as society, but is responsible for enormous energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, steel flows are an obvious subject for the European climate protection. The quantification of steel stocks and flows is...

In November 2018, the European Commission published its Strategic Long-Term Vision entitled “A Clean Planet for all” calling for the target of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This proposal was subsequently agreed upon by EU heads of state and government, it features centrally in...

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) might be a central technology to reach the decarbonisation goals of the European energy system. However, CCS deployment faces multiple economic, technological, and infrastructure challenges. Related literature tends to only focus on certain aspects of the CCS...

Industry is a critical sector for the achievement of European climate goals, in particular specific energy-intensive products/processes (e.g. steel, cement, ethylene, ammonia). A reduction target of over 90% for industry requires a wide variety of reduction options. While the EU Low-Carbon...

Industry is a critical sector for the achievement of European climate goals, in particular specific energy-intensive products/processes (e.g. steel, cement, ethylene, ammonia). A reduction target of over 90% for industry requires a wide variety of reduction options. While the EU Low-Carbon...