The authors embed Paris Aligned Benchmark (PAB) requirements in an illustrative multi-asset portfolio containing developed and emerging market equities, sovereign bonds, corporate bonds, listed real estate, and commodities. By being PAB compliant, the immediate reduction and ongoing reductions...

We define defensive factor timing as pro-actively using market signals—measures of aggregate risk tolerance, the effectiveness of diversification, and valuation measures—to reduce exposures to individual factors or a portfolio of factors when outlooks are unattractive. Unlike other market...