This paper draws on a case study of the Brazilian Amazon to assess how two widely promoted strategies to govern tropical forests – non-state certification and state-based legality initiatives – interact with tropical wood production systems and the implications this holds for reducing...

The effect of explicit integration of uncertainty – determined through financial, non-linear optimization – on the distribution of timber harvests and net revenues over time was examined. A management plan for a 30year period was developed for (1) a Bavarian municipal forest rich in standing...

This paper addresses the supply-side explanations of a logger shortage by estimating an occupational choice model that considers the role of earnings, nonpecuniary determinants and intergenerational factors. Our results showed that: (1) relative earnings have no statistically significant effect...