JAGODZINSKI, WOLFGANG; KÜHNEL, STEFFEN M.; SCHMIDT, PETER - In: Sociological Methods & Research 15 (1987) 3, pp. 259-302
It has often been observed in experimental studies that the reliability of items increases if the same questions are asked of the same respondents more than once. This phenomenon, called the “Socratic effect,†also occurs in nonexperimental, short-wave panel studies. In the first...