It is possible to test for the equality of means between independent groups with LISREL, either specifying a model with dummy variables or a model with several groups. The specification of these models is not only simple, but testing means with the second model is also less restrictive than the...

It has often been observed in experimental studies that the reliability of items increases if the same questions are asked of the same respondents more than once. This phenomenon, called the “Socratic effect,†also occurs in nonexperimental, short-wave panel studies. In the first...