For more than twenty years now, the European Convention on Human Rights has been used to solve disputes in social security. This is peculiar since the Convention itself and its Protocols primarily comprise civil and political rights and do not include a right to social security. This article...

The growing number of irregular migrant workers, i.e. unlawfully or lawfully present foreigners who engage in employment although not legally authorized to do so, poses a challenge for national social security policy. The challenge is twofold. First, irregular work by foreigners is usually...

This article discusses some legal aspects pertaining to the idea of refunding social insurance contributions to temporary migrant workers. It presents three possible methods of refunding contributions: a repatriation bonus, an individual pension reserve and an ‘opt-in’ scheme. These three...