The paper further articulates the common types of ṣukūk currently available such as the mushārakah ṣukūk, murābaḥah, ijārah or ‘Vanilla' type ṣukūk, the variable pay-off muḍārabah, Istiṣnāʿ and the salam type ṣukūk and how they can be used by both private and public sectors