The economic welfare effects of climate change on global agriculture will be mediated by several complex biophysical and economic processes. For a given emissions scenario, these include: (1) the response of the climate system to anthropogenic forcing, (2) the response of crop yields to climate...

Renewable energy from biomass is conventionally thought to avoid emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2 by replacing the roles of fossil fuels. We show that if the off-gases produced during the fermentation of sugars to fuel–ethanol were captured and, for example, injected deep underground to...

The eventual evasion of injected CO2 to the atmosphere is one consideration when assessing deep-sea disposal of CO2 as a potential response option to climate change concerns. Evasion estimated using an ocean carbon cycle model is compared to long-term trajectories for future CO2 emissions,...

We present a preliminary analysis of a geoengineering option based on the intentional increase of ocean alkalinity to enhance marine storage of atmospheric CO2. Like all geoengineering techniques to limit climate change, with today's limited understandig of the climate system, this approach must...