This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses worldwide with a focus on developing countries. The results are based on a novel data set collected by the World Bank Group and several partner institutions in 51 countries covering...

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses worldwide with a focus on developing countries. The results are based on a novel data set collected by the World Bank Group and several partner institutions in 51 countries covering...

This paper analyses the relationship between the selected measures of competition and the actual intensity of the interaction in the product market under the presence of market frictions. The first part of the study compares the industry-level price-cost margin and profit elasticity within a...

Micro-level productivity measurement suffers from unobserved markup variation when the quantities of input and outputs are proxied by nominal variables. Early literature often adjusts the revenue and input expenditure variables by aggregate price deáators, but the idiosyncratic price effects...

Entrant firms are constrained to set lower price–cost markups than incumbents due to idiosyncratic demand shocks faced in the startup phase. Productivity indices suffer from micro-level markup variation and underestimate entrants' productivity, when productivity is measured by nominal sales...