This paper discusses the role and relevance of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and the new scenarios that combine SSPs with representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability (IAV) research. It first provides an overview of uses of...

Corporate structures with cross-ownership are common in civil law countries. Nevertheless, existing methods remain unable to evaluate control stakes in such structures. This is because cross-ownership induces circularity, and makes it impossible to identify winning coalitions among shareholders....

We consider three sorts of diagnostics for random imputations: (a) displays of the completed data, intended to reveal unusual patterns that might suggest problems with the imputations, (b) comparisons of the distributions of observed and imputed data values, and (c) checks of the fit of observed...

Cross-ownership breaks the traditional rule of one-sided corporate control. Using a novel approach based on stochastic voting processes, this paper proposes a general method to determine control stakes in the presence of cross-ownership. It offers a generalization of the Banzhaf index, which...

In this global world many firms present a complex shareholding structure with indirect participation, such that it may become difficult to assess a firm’s controllers. Furthermore, if there are numerous dominant shareholders, the control can be shared between them. Determining who has the most...

The company Elia, which manages the grid system of electricity in Belgium, is mainly controlled by the principal producer of electricity, Electrabel, and by political powers. The Belgian state has recently constrained the French group to yield 3% of its stake in Elia as foreseen in the Pax...

This paper discusses the role and relevance of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and the new scenarios that combine SSPs with representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability (IAV) research. It first provides an overview of uses of...

Today, the shareholding structure of companies is sometimes so complex that it can be difficult to find back their actual owners and controllers. In particular, in continental Europe and in Asia, control tunnelling appears frequently through pyramidal structure. After describing the ownership...