I review assumptions about the missing-data mechanisms that underlie methods for the statistical analysis of data with missing values. I describe Rubin's original definition of missing at random (MAR), its motivation and criticisms, and his sufficient conditions for ignoring the missingness...

Selection models and pattern-mixture models are often used to deal with nonignorable dropout in longitudinal studies. These two classes of models are based on different factorizations of the joint distribution of the outcome process and the dropout process. We consider a new class of models,...

Section 203 of the Voting Rights Act includes provisions requiring the use of election materials in languages other than English for states or political subdivisions, specifically, when a minimum number of voting age U.S. citizens of specified language minority groups who are unable to speak...