In this study, we investigate misreporting behavior in online surveys based on the field experiments in a large-scale online training program for rural teachers. We link the digitally recorded data with survey responses and integrate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the survey design....

This white paper explores the construction of a reliable Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scoring engine, with a focus on the importance of data sources and quality, selection of ESG indicators, weighting and aggregation methodologies, and the necessary validation and benchmarking...

A pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) is essential to the analytical hierarchy process. Ordinal inconsistency, an intransitive preference structure, in a PCM can cause different prioritization methods to obtain different preference rankings. After demonstrating the insufficiency of a recent...