In Canada, immigration constitutes the primary response to population ageing. While extensive research has covered the impact of immigration on various aspects of the labour supply, the financial aspect has received less attention. In this study, we apply the National Transfer Account (NTA)...

Population ageing has brought about debates over potential labour shortages in many countries, particularly Canada. With women's participation stagnating and immigration raising heated debates, harnessing the labour supply from the underemployed could be an alternative for compensating for an...

This study demonstrates that the existing Labour Utilisation Framework does not appropriately measure the actual level of underemployment. Therefore, it proposes a Dynamic Labour Utilisation Framework (DLUF) that includes a systematic method for setting the underemployment threshold. Applying...

Population ageing has brought concerns about labour shortage and public finance sustainability. These concerns spread out from the assumption that an increased age-based dependency ratio is a synonym of shrinking working lifespan for financing extending lifecycle consumption. Such a conclusion...

The aim and scope of this paper is to isolate the effects of population ageing in the context of potential Scottish independence. Fiscal challenges are often quoted as a strong argument against independence. Demographic processes play an important role in determining future economic growth via...