The increasing spatial concentration of the disadvantaged has resulted in the isolation of many individuals and households from mainstream social and economic activities. This paper is concerned with the exclusion of these individuals from the labour market. This in turn constitutes a...

Since the late 1980s the number of community-based credit unions in Britain has grown steadily. These are financial co-operatives based on low-income neighbourhoods, owned and controlled by local residents, which aim to provide savings and low-cost credit facilities to their members. Although...