Purpose – It is generally recognized that consumer cooperatives are at a disadvantage when raising capital as compared to conventional capitalist firms. The purpose of this paper is to explore a method for consumer cooperatives to issue transferable membership shares as financial securities...

It is often argued that cooperative firms are financially less viable than ivestor-owned firms. From a fundamental point of view, however, this does not seem a fair comparison, since the market for firm ownership is usually only available to investor-owned firms in our economy. This paper...

It has been argued in the literature that limiting the profits of hospitals can be an effective method of maintaining the quality of medical care. The present paper examines this hypothesis using a simple formal model of the health-care market under asymmetric information. It is shown that, in...