<Para ID="Par1">This paper deals with the hierarchical road network design using a continuous model. The model is based on a grid road network where roads are classified into three types: access roads, minor arterial roads, and major arterial roads. Using a continuous approximation in which the distance is...</para>

This paper deals with the deviation distance to visit a facility from pre-planned routes. Facilities are approximated by both points and lines on a continuous plane. To see the relationship between the deviation distance and the availability of facilities, we derive the distributions of the...