This paper is a review of Danmarks Nationalbank's recent analysis of the prospects of implementing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in Denmark. We concur with Nationalbanken's conclusion that CBDC does not add efficiency or further functionality to existing payment solutions. We argue,...

Danish Abstract: Til trods for ekspansiv pengepolitik, med negative renter og kvantitative lempelser (QE), er den europæiske økonomi fanget i en situation med deflationært pres og lav vækst. En overset forklaring på pengepolitikkens ineffektivitet er, at den teknologiske udvikling og...

This paper develops a new theory of seigniorage suited to modern economies where the majority of money is created not by the state or central bank but by commercial banks and other monetary financial institutions via their lending activity. We identify four different forms of seigniorage that...