In this paper, we apply the preplay negotiation procedure proposed by Kalai (1981) to the n -person prisoners’ dilemma with n ≥ 3 and examine whether it generates cooperation. We show that if the preplay is carried out at least once, the preplay game has a perfect equilibrium point that...

Using a general model that allows for outside option and consumer heterogeneity, we show that, when consumers are uniformly distributed in a unit interval, the critical determinant of the extent of attainable horizontal differentiation is the maximum value of their reservation price. When it is...

Nishihara [3] showed that N-person prisoners' dilemma has a cooperative Nash equilibrium, if the players decide their actions sequentially in the order determined by Nature under a certain information structure, and if each player's payoffs satisfy a certain inequality. This paper examines the...