This article presents a theoretical view that describes how the rooted Western imperial political structure in the Arab region has trapped the latter in a perpetual development crisis. It follows a de facto analysis and contends that Western imperialism has maintained a counter-development of...

This article provides an analysis of the economic cost incurred by the world through the use of the fiat international reserve currency since the end of the 1971 gold standard system. The article uses the Quantity Theory of Money to provide an empirical manifestation of how reserve currency...

Cover -- The Author -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Kandungan -- Biodata -- 1 Kelestarian dan Pengurusan Projek dalam Senario Masa Kini dan Masa Hadapan -- 2 Sorotan Literatur -- 3 Kelestarian Dalam Aplikasi -- 4 Mencapai Titik Pertemuan -- 5 Empat Senario Pengurusan Projek dan Kelestarian --...

Since the late 1970s, the Chinese government has introduced new measures based on a Beneficiary-Pay System for financing transport infrastructure. In this paper, first we review the changes in the system for financing transport infrastructure over the last 50 years in China and analyze the...