Financial liberalization together with the globalization led countries to constitute economic integration in form of preferential trading area, free trade area and customs union especially since 1980s. European Union, which has been at the stage of Economic and Monetary Union, is one of the...

China and European Union are two economic zones realizing a significant part of the world trade. These two economic zones have been subject to shrinkage after the 2008 crisis. The objective of this article is to reveal the status of foreign trade of both economic zones after the 2008 crisis by...

The financial troubles of Ottoman Empire which started in 16th century reached its ultimate point in 19th century. The Ottoman Empire searching to get rid of these troubles directed towards making some reform activities during the Tanzimat Era. Some of the money needed for these reform...