In this study, we examine whether the social capital surrounding the firm’s corporate headquarters mitigates managerial self-dealing in the form of opportunistic insider trading. We find strong evidence that the level of social capital in the region surrounding the firm’s headquarters is...

The impact of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies on enterprises’ internationalization strategies is ambiguous. Although digital technologies lower information and transaction costs and facilitate international coordination of overseas activities, automation technologies can push...

We examine how customer concentration affects managers’ income smoothing incentives to signal their private information about risk and future earnings. We find a negative relation between customer concentration and income smoothing activities, indicating that improved information sharing from...