The author argues that competition in domestic telecommunications markets promotes both universal service and employment in developing countries. Thus, incumbent monopoly operators should be reformed. And since incumbents are subject to increasingly fierce international competition from callback...

Only a few years ago Argentina had a very low Internet penetration compared with its neighbouring countries in Latin America. In 1993, for example, the country had only 0.05 Internet hosts per 10,000 people, while Chile had as many as 1.01 (Brazil had 0.27, Mexico had 0.40 and Venezuela 0.23)....

In the mid-1980s India became one of the first developing countries to launch reforms in its telecommunications services; yet 10 years later little change had been introduced in the sector. Then in 1994 the government launched a new national telecommunications policy which has a considerable...