This paper assesses the impacts of the Mercosul Preferential Trade Agreement on Brazil's regions and their industries between 1990 and 2000 by means of a gravity model, extended to include dummy variables for Mercosul, for a Brazilian region and for a industry within a region. The results show...

This paper assesses the impact of the Mercosul Preferential Trade Agreement on Brazil's regions by means of a gravity model, extended to include dummy variables for Mercosul and for a Brazilian region. The results show that the most significant regional impacts of Mercosul were on Brazil's...

In this paper we assess the impacts of the Mercosul preferential trade agreement on Brazil's regional trade flows by means of a gravity model, extended to include dummy variables for Mercosul and for a Brazilian region. Using panel data, we implement the model in three different ways: a pooled...

The objective of this paper is to analyze the concept and determinants of "sovereign risk" and the role of the credit risk rating agencies which serve internationally as the main reference instruments employed by economic agents to assess this risk. The paper also tries to identify macroeconomic...