The geospatial variability, clustering and dependence of natural catastrophe loss for (re)insured risks are well-known physical realities for insurance industry practitioners and academics. These realities create complex underlying risks for (re)insurance policy underwriting, capital management,...

Advances in big data methodologies with high degrees of granularity and transparency have made it possible to enhance the discussion on socially responsible (re)insurance underwriting practices. This article offers a definition of the microeconomic concept of socially responsible (re)insurance...