The role of thermal energy storage (TES) in district energy (DE) system is assessed. The Friedrichshafen DE system is considered as a case study and exergy analysis is utilized. The TES is designed to complement and to increase the effectiveness of the solar panels included in the district...

District energy (DE) systems provide an important means of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and the significant related concerns associated with global climate change. DE systems can use fossil fuels, renewable energy and waste heat as energy sources, and facilitate intelligent integration of...

In some thermal networks like district energy systems, there can exist conditions, depending on space availability, economics, project requirements, insulation, storing media type and other issues, for which it may be advantageous to utilize several thermal energy storages (TESs) instead of one....

District energy systems are reviewed and possible future enhancements involving expanded thermal networks are considered. Various definitions, classifications and applications of district cooling and heating are discussed and elements of a district energy system are described. Also, the...