We propose a new conceptual framework for monetary policy transmission through shadow banks in the mortgage market that highlights the role of mortgage servicing in generating non-deposit funds for lending. We document that mortgage servicing acts as a natural hedge against interest rate shocks...

Many aspects of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) are well-studied, but we focus on an important exception: bank efficiency. Bank efficiency is also well-studied for other topics in banking, but not PPP. Using instrumental variables for identification, we find more intense PPP lending...

Many aspects of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) are well-studied, but we focus on an important exception: bank efficiency. Bank efficiency is also well-studied for other topics in banking, but not PPP. Using instrumental variables for identification, we find more intense PPP lending...

Minority-owned banks have a mission to promote economic well-being in their communities. In particular, specialization in lending based on a central mechanism of shared-minority identity can yield an advantage in serving community needs through times of financial and economic crises. To test...

Using supervisory data from large U.S. bank holding companies (BHCs), we document that BHCs suffer more operational losses during episodes of extreme storms. Among different operational loss types, losses due to external fraud, BHCs' failure to meet obligations to clients and faulty business...