We examine how capitalization vs expensing of R&D costs affects how the firm manages earnings with R&D, and the economic consequences of the earnings management method. We focus on the period around the UK’s switch from UK GAAP, which allowed expensing, to IFRS, which mandated capitalization...

Section 953 (b) of the Dodd-Frank Act requires all listed firms to disclose a CEO-employee Pay Ratio. Firms are permitted certain discretions in the Pay Ratio calculation and can disclose a Supplementary Pay Ratio if necessary. In this paper, we analyze initial CEO-employee Pay Ratio data...