This article tries to shed light on import substitution industrialization (ISI) in Egypt. The country had witnessed political instability, social changes, and economic hardships. In this regard, those signs are better understood by having a retrospective view into its economic and political...

The relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in developing nations is examined in the study that follows. Turkey and Egypt are the main subjects because of their similarities in terms of history, politics, and the economy. An overview of FDI, including its types,...

The current article focuses on Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Turkey. It adopts a retrospective approach focusing on economic, political, historical, and social contexts that shaped emergence of ISI, its performance, success, and failure. Understanding initial conditions in the...