Purpose: This paper aims to compare the effect of ownership on firm performances in the 1997 and 2008 financial crises. More specifically, it investigates the effect of cash flow rights, control rights and cash flow rights leverage on firm performance. Two conditions motivated the study. First,...

The objective of this study is to explain the employee stock ownership program phenomenon in public companies in Indonesia. The ownership of companies in Indonesia is concentrated by a single controlling shareholder. Sometimes, the board of directors and board of commissioners of a company or...

Governance of public companies in Indonesia is concentrated in a particular group of controlling shareholder. The group is constituted in various ways like family, government, widely owned financial institutions, widely owned companies or others as a controlling shareholder. The controlling...

The objective of this study is to explain the employee stock ownership program phenomenon in public companies in Indonesia. The ownership of companies in Indonesia is concentrated by a single controlling shareholder. Sometimes, the board of directors and board of commissioners of a company or...

Governance of public companies in Indonesia is concentrated in a particular group of controlling shareholder. The group is constituted in various ways like family, government, widely owned financial institutions, widely owned companies or others as a controlling shareholder. The controlling...