The fact that the Basel Accord formula is based on a corporate credit risk model and the mis-rating of mortgage backed securities which led to the credit crunch have highlighted that developing credit risk models for portfolios of retail loans is far less advanced than the equivalent modelling...

This paper offers a joint estimation approach for forecasting probabilities of default and loss rates given default in the presence of selection. The approach accommodates fixed and random risk factors. An empirical analysis identifies bond ratings, borrower characteristics and macroeconomic...