In this paper a framework is developed for analyzing trade-off possibilities among urban outcomes resulting from public-funded community development activities. The purpose is to identify complementarities and substitutions which exist among public service outputs (outcomes), thereby allowing a...

A mathematical framework for evaluating substitutions and complementarities among urban outcomes is presented. A solution of a linear-programming problem, entailing the minimization of expenditure overruns above a spatially distributed community development grant, is used to assay the...

A new approach is supplied for locating efficiency frontiers and evaluating the efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMU's). This is accomplished from observational data by means of an envelopment procedure called DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) originally developed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes...