Effect of monetary policy that applied by Central Banks on the real economy depends on action power of Central Banks to long term interest rates by using short term interest rates. However, while Central Banks may have a direct effect on short term interest rates, they influence long term...

Today, some worldwide negative speculative developments variably increase the energy prices. For developing countries whose economic growth substantially depends on energy import, especially on oil-import, an increase in energy prices will negatively affect the cost of import, hence will lead to...