A vast amount of literature is devoted to analyzing the effects of deregulating and restructuring measures in the European railway sector and the results are not totally unambiguous. The contribution of this paper to the existing literature is twofold. Firstly, we estimate efficiency levels...

Increased internationalization over the past twenty years has meant that labor has become increasingly mobile, and while employment and earnings effects have been extensively analyzed in host and source nations, the implications for firm and industry performance have been largely ignored. This...

In this working paper we analyze the effects of the expansions of the European Union on inequality using an approach based on individuals lifecycle incomes. Such an approach allows us to consider the effect of different national growth and survival rates on inequality. It differs from the usual...

This working paper presents a new database covering an extensive set of countries from all over the world, compiled by the BBVA Foundation and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (Ivie) using the methodology developed in Pérez García et al. (2005). It also updates the...

This working paper updates the social capital database relative to Spain, its regions and provinces elaborated jointly by the BBVA Foundation and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (Ivie). It follows the methodology developed by Pérez García et al. (2005) and updates the...

The processes of vertical and horizontal separation within the railway sector are relatively recent in many European countries, and, as a result, little analytical research has been carried out on their impact. The purpose of this working paper is to analyze the effects of these organizational...

The literature on inequality among economies has focused on analysing the dispersion of indicators such as annual per capita income. This paper adopts a different approach, as it considers the life cycle dimensionof inequality, life expectancy and whether annual per capita income can be expected...

This paper develops a measure of social capital based on economic relationships and analyzes its effects on growth. Investment in social capital is modeled by using the conceptual framework for measuring physical capital services. The measure of social capital depends on expectations of income,...

La universidad española ha crecido significativamente en recursos y resultados pero, como nuestra economía, tiene problemas de productividad y competitividad internacional que suscitan dudas sobre su funcionamiento y su contribución social y económica. El objetivo de esta obra es evaluar los...