This paper selects 32 countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) from 2005 to 2007, using the input variables of industry and population and the output variances of gross domestic product (GDP) and the amount of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. In recent years the...

This study develops the hybrid meta frontier DEA model for which inputs are distinguished into radial inputs that change proportionally and non-radial inputs that change non-proportionally, in order to measure the technical efficiency and technology gap ratios (TGR) of four different regions:...