We find that most IPO firms will run out of cash soon if they did not receive proceeds from IPOs, suggesting that cash shortage may be one of the most important motives for IPOs. The cash shortfalls persist during the 5 years after IPO. Firms with more initial cash shortfalls also have lower net...

This paper investigates the impact of Chinese firms’ ESG performance on their financial constraint and financing activities. We find a negative association between firms’ ESG performance and their financial constraint driven by the Chinese government’s commitment to tackling climate...

This paper examines the impacts of geopolitical risk on the dynamic connectedness between a country’s equity market and the global agricultural commodity market around the world. We show that the financialization of agricultural commodities is widespread. Overall geopolitical risk negatively...

The exchange bias effect obtained after zero field cooling (ZEB) not only saves energy, but also makes the device easier to control and reduces the size of the device. In this work, ZEB effect under different measurement field is obtained in Ni50Mn37Ga13 alloy, further, combining the macroscopic...

Aqueous alkaline battery (AAB) with the merits of both high energy density and power density has emerged as one of most promising candidates for the new generation of energy storage devices, while their practical applications are still limited by the lack of high-performance electrode materials,...

The exchange bias effect obtained after zero field cooling (ZEB) not only saves energy, but also makes the device easier to control and reduces the size of the device. In this work, ZEB effect under different measurement field is obtained in Ni 50 Mn 37 Ga 13 alloy, further, combining the...

We examine the decision to list in the U.S. markets by foreign firms through American Depository Receipts (ADRs). There is a high positive correlation between the valuation of existing ADRs and the number of new ADR listings next year. ADR listing is more likely when existing ADRs are valued...