Female property is recognised as a notable factor for social and economic development. Strikingly, while the corporate governance literature pays great attention to the impact of female board members, gendered corporate ownership remains a blind spot. This paper unpacks the link between female...

Our test procedure for discrimination in lending combines denial rates and recovery rates and is applicable to simple and intersectional discrimination regardless of the profit orientation of the lender. Using a European microcredit dataset, the tests reveal that the positive—and socially...

Evidence from the 2022 Ukraine war suggests that, for diversification purposes, gold and bitcoin are complements rather than substitutes during crises. Precisely, this paper shows that (i) gold is a diversifier for European stocks and oil and a hedge for US stocks and T-bills, while Bitcoin is a...

We study mission drift in social enterprises by examining whether these organizations stick to the actual mission enshrined in their mission statements. We use data from micro!nance organizations (MFOs), a homogeneous group of social enterprises which have been scrutinized—and sometimes...

This paper develops a test for discrimination in lending combining denial rates and recovery rates. In contrast to the recent outcome-test methodology scrutinizing biases in the credit market with differential profits, our approach is applicable to (simple and intersectional) discrimination...