This article will examine the recent Commission case law relating to access to natural gas pipelines and the use of the essential facilities doctrine to force changes in the EU natural gas markets. Given the origins of this doctrine and the advanced market structure in many parts of the United...

Ensuring access to a truly 'European' energy grid for every consumer and supplier in the European Union is a core objective of the single market project. From the first wave of liberalization directives up until the ‘draft’ framework guidelines of September 2010 on capacity allocation and...