Precautionary judgment, decision, and action are needed in situations involving serious uncertain risk. Examples are mountain climbing, nanotechnology, global warming, and international terrorism. The history of the Precautionary Principle (PP) shows that its proponents and opponents have...

Car use causes various collective problems, such congestion and increasing CO2-emmisions. One way to manage these problems is to influence people's car use. Pricing policies aimed at making car use more expensive, such as implementing congestion or kilometre charges, may be effective strategies...

In situations of serious uncertain risk, precautionary assessment, decision-making and control may be inevitable. In this paper, the long and wide-ranging debate about the precautionary principle (PP) is surveyed in comparison to parallel developments of classical risk analysis. The 'new risks'...

Rational decision theory could be more fully exploited for the prudent management of uncertain-risk situations. After an integrative circumscription of the precautionary principle (PP), 10 key issues are discussed covering assessment, decision and control. In view of this, a variety of...

Car use causes various collective problems, such congestion and increasing CO2-emmisions. One way to manage these problems is to influence people’s car use. Pricing policies aimed at making car use more expensive, such as implementing congestion or kilometre charges, may be effective...